Abstract
At present, China's urbanization rate has exceeded 60%, entering the middle and later stage of urbanization development. Urban construction has shifted from the extensive development stage of large-scale and high-speed development to the refined development stage of focusing on the quality of urban living environment, making up for the shortcomings of residential community construction and establishing and improving the complete governance mechanism. In the background of the serious pandemic of COVID-19, the call for building green neighborhoods to enhance community resilience and adaptability is growing day by day. Firstly, through numerous literature research and analysis, this paper summarizes the green block design strategies, planning and management issues in the world, and constructs the green block evaluation system, including site selection, residential design, infrastructure, transportation, ecology, slow traffic system and other indicators. Secondly, the paper takes the streets of Beijing College Road as an example. Through big data analysis, research interviews, questionnaires and other forms, the researcher concluded the problems such as closed blocks, lack of sharing, low environmental quality, imperfect facilities, strong demand for slow traffic and so on. Then through the perspective of green block construction, with the goal of ecological environment safety, intensive use of space, harmonious coexistence between man and nature, the designer combined the actual situation of College Road streets and made a thorough plan. The plan provided the "four-zone integration" strategy, which intends to design walking trails and bicycle lanes to connect campus, park, community and industrial area and make those areas as a whole. It also planned to design a health leisure ring, a colorful sharing belt as well as three cultural tourism routes. All of these designs and constructions are committed to establishing a system which integrates various functions of cultural display, life service, public leisure and slow traffic. This plan will fully activate inward resources and release the inner vigor of streets. Finally, the designer hopes to summarize the renewal strategies of small and medium scale spaces such as street open space, slow traffic system and block buildings. At the same time, the pocket parks, street green space, community parks, community service squares and other micro-spaces should be constructed properly for the residents’ resilience space of leisure and emergency temporary evacuation. Plus, the layout of community public service facilities should be done on a walking scale to create a "community life circle", forming the public service system with diverse elements, such as housing, employment, travel, leisure and security. Finally, this paper conducts a detailed study on the responsibility street planner system in Beijing. That means the government selects and hires planners to provide technical advice for the design, construction and management of the streets, and establishes a communication link between the government, the community and its residents. Taking the practice of streets of Beijing College Road as an example, this paper summarizes the innovative work methods of community governance. It has formed a four-step working method of "block portrait, block assessment, block renewal planning and planning implementation" and a set of innovative activities to promote public participation in community governance, including design festivals, interactive salons and other forms, in order to promote residents' extensive participation and public awareness awakening. And it provides ideas for the renewal and governance of community living circles at home and abroad.
