Abstract
In 2020, the global outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) has seriously affected most countries and regions in the world, specially in urban areas with concentrated population. Secondary disasters such as traffic jams, material shortages and social disturbances have appeared to varying degrees, threatening the health and stability of cities. Based on resilient city theory, taking "Transits-Oriented-Development(TOD)" as the carrier, this paper discusses the urban design strategies to improve the resilience of urban districts in response to public health emergencies. Firstly, the origin and development of resilient city theory are described, and it’s design guidelines closely related to urban design are analyzed according to "10 essentials for making cities resilient”, which has been taken up by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) in 2012. It also summarizes three kinds of trends in resilient cities study: evaluation system of resilient cities, design and practice of resilient cities, and multi-dimensional study of resilient cities. Secondly, three questions need to be answered when applying resilient city theory to urban areas design: How to improve residents' healthy quality of life? How can cities be more resilient to public health emergencies? How to comprehensively consider the traffic characteristics, medical prevention and control system, as well as residents' healthy living needs of urban areas? In order to deal with these problems, this paper proposes three strategies of urban design as the theoretical extension of resilient cities, based on characteristics of urban TOD area: improving residents' healthy resilience by proposing a design concept of "health plus", establishing epidemic prevention-control system to improve medical resilience in urban areas, taking "TOD Healthy Lifestyle" as the guide for resilient urban design of TOD areas. Thirdly, it chooses Sichuan Normal University Station area as the proposed site, which is in the intersection of metro line 7 and line 13 of Chengdu, China. Characteristics of design site are elucidated, such as climatic conditions, upper planning, basic conditions and TOD attributes of the site. As well as site users are analyzed including job nature, age structure, visiting time and usage needs. Based on above analysis, the function division and building types of site can be determined. Fourthly, the "TOD healthy lifestyle" design results of resilient urban are obtained. To begin with, the epidemic prevention and management system with "One Center and Four Stations" has been established, which meets the usage needs of both daily life and epidemic outbreak scenarios. "One center" refers to a health management center in subway station area of Sichuan Normal University. "Four Stations" refers to four themed health care stations in combination with main buildings of the site, including apartment, business, elderly care, cultural and creative blocks. The health management center dispatches and manages the four themed health stations in urban area, and receives real-time feedback from health stations. In the event of an epidemic, "One Center and Four Stations" can be cut off from daily functions as temporary isolation points, then medical facilities and patient beds can be quickly added by using dedicated overhead tunnels to transport personnel and supplies. What’s more, the commercial, entertainment, office, residential and medical functions of the site were designed in an integrated above ground and underground way. And the urban design result of "TOD Healthy Living Mode" is got, which included the epidemic prevention-control system, urban public services and urban rail transit. Finally, the life trajectory and resilience effect of four types of users, includes students, office workers, retired elderly and purposeful visitors, are simulated. Meanwhile, the rationality of urban design is tested.
